Where the data come from and what to cite
Source:vignettes/articles/data-sources.Rmd
data-sources.RmdPaleoMapR contains no data. The setup downloads the open data sets
below from their sources into the working folder; they keep their own
licences and citation requests. If you publish maps made with PaleoMapR,
please cite PaleoMapR (citation("PaleoMapR")) and the data
behind the maps.
Elevation, coastlines and records
- PaleoDEMs and the PALEOMAP plate model. 109 paleodigital elevation models, 0–540 Ma every 5 Myr, on a 0.2° grid (about 22 km); nothing finer exists in the source. Scotese, C. R. and Wright, N. (2018). PALEOMAP Paleodigital Elevation Models (PaleoDEMS) for the Phanerozoic. PALEOMAP Project. https://www.earthbyte.org/paleodem-resource-scotese-and-wright-2018/
- PaleoCoastlines (version 7.2, Zenodo record 7828387): the PBDB-adjusted shorelines that the correction starts from. Kocsis, Á. T. and Scotese, C. R. (2021). Mapping paleocoastlines and continental flooding during the Phanerozoic. Earth-Science Reviews 213, 103463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103463
- Fossil records: The Paleobiology Database, https://paleobiodb.org, downloaded through its data service (API 1.2). For each map age only collections whose age range covers that age ± 2.5 Myr are used; collections spanning more than 12 Myr are left out.
- Rock units: Peters, S. E., Husson, J. M. and Czaplewski, J. (2018). Macrostrat: a platform for geological data integration and deep-time Earth crust research. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19, 1393–1409. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007467
- Sea level: van der Meer, D. G., Scotese, C. R., Mills, B. J. W., Sluijs, A., van den Berg van Saparoea, A. P. and van de Weg, R. M. B. (2022). Long-term Phanerozoic global mean sea level: insights from strontium isotope variations and estimates of continental glaciation. Gondwana Research 111, 103–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.014
- Present-day borders and coastlines: Natural Earth (public domain), https://www.naturalearthdata.com
Plate models and rotations
- Rotations: GPlates / pyGPlates. Müller, R. D. et al. (2018). GPlates: building a virtual Earth through deep time. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19, 2243–2261. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GC007584
-
Other plate models, if you use them: Merdith, A. S.
et al. (2021). Extending full-plate tectonic models into deep time:
linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Earth-Science
Reviews 214, 103477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103477 ·
Torsvik, T. H. and Cocks, L. R. M. (2017). Earth History and
Palaeogeography. Cambridge University Press. · The Golonka model as
distributed by EarthByte (see
models/golonka/readme.txtin the working folder).
Climate
PaleoMapR does not run a climate model. The climate layers are the
output of the HadCM3L coupled atmosphere–ocean general
circulation model (version HadCM3BL-M2.1aD; Valdes et al. 2017), run by
the BRIDGE group of the University of Bristol for Valdes,
Scotese & Lunt (2021). The series is
scotese_02: 109 simulations from 541 Ma to 0 Ma on the
PALEOMAP palaeogeographies of Scotese & Wright (2018), the same maps
as the PaleoDEMs, with atmospheric CO2 after Foster, Royer
& Lunt (2017). The run IDs go from texqe (541 Ma) to
texpa1 (0 Ma). The Silurian runs:
| Map age | HadCM3L run | Run age | CO2 of the run |
|---|---|---|---|
| 445 Ma | teXPl | 444.5 Ma | 1708 ppm |
| 440 Ma | teXPk | 441.2 Ma | 1643 ppm |
| 435 Ma | teXPj | 436.0 Ma | 1576 ppm |
| 430 Ma | teXPi | 430.4 Ma | 1531 ppm |
| 425 Ma | teXPh | 425.2 Ma | 1490 ppm |
| 420 Ma | teXPg | 421.1 Ma | 1457 ppm |
| 415 Ma | teXPf | 415.0 Ma | 1579 ppm |
For any map age the run closest in age is used, and the caption of
every figure names the run, its age and CO2. The files
(<run>a.pdcl<season>.nc atmosphere,
<run>o.pfcl<season>.nc ocean) are the
climatological means on the BRIDGE server,
https://www.paleo.bristol.ac.uk/ummodel/data/<run>/climate/.
The origin was checked against the BRIDGE run list of the series (https://www.paleo.bristol.ac.uk/ummodel/scripts/html_bridge/scotese_02.html)
and the PhanDA HadCM3L model-prior record on Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/record/8237751), which lists
scotese_02 as originally published in Valdes et al. (2021).
- Climate: Valdes, P. J., Scotese, C. R. and Lunt, D. J. (2021). Deep ocean temperatures through time. Climate of the Past 17, 1483–1506. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1483-2021
- Climate model: Valdes, P. J. et al. (2017). The BRIDGE HadCM3 family of climate models: HadCM3@Bristol v1.0. Geoscientific Model Development 10, 3715–3743. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3715-2017
- CO2 of the runs: Foster, G. L., Royer, D. L. and Lunt, D. J. (2017). Future climate forcing potentially without precedent in the last 420 million years. Nature Communications 8, 14845. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14845
The local correction. HadCM3L + local correction is PaleoMapR’s own statistical adjustment of the model fields to your corrected geography, learned from the same model run; it is not HadCM3L output. It captures continentality, moisture from new seaways, rain shadows and slower wind over new land, but not changes of the large-scale circulation. Say which climate option you used in your figure captions; the dashed outline on the maps marks where the climate is least reliable.